There are 7 major minerals needed by the body and a number of trace elements. The major mineral help maintain the fluid balance in the body and also have specific roles of their own. Trace elements also play significant roles in metabolism, they are just needed in smaller amounts. Minerals are not bioavailable unless the body can absorb them. In general, it is easier to obtain minerals from animal sources than plant sources. Fiber and some vitamins can decrease absorption of some minerals (iron, magnesium and zinc).
| Major minerals | Trace Minerals | |
| Absorption | directly into the blood. Calcium requires Vitamin D to be absorbed. | directly into the blood |
| Transport | Travel freely | May require transport proteins |
| Storage | Bone, teeth and water filled compartments | Tissues such as the liver, kidneys, thyroid, bone and teeth |
| Excretion | Kidneys into urine | Kidneys into urine |
| Toxicity | Possible with over use of supplements | Possible with over use of supplements |
| Requirements | Need frequent doses (1-3 days)_ | Need frequent doses (1-3 days)_ |